[ 段明學(xué) ]——(2004-8-23) / 已閱47115次
西南政法大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文
政治競爭導(dǎo)論(上)
指導(dǎo)教師:宋玉波 教授
作 者:段明學(xué)
中國·重慶
二OO二年四月
科學(xué)之光普遍照耀,已使人人得見這一明顯的真理:人類并非廣大群眾生來背上帶有鞍座,而少數(shù)人穿著帶刺的長靴、獨(dú)蒙上帝的恩準(zhǔn)可以合法地來乘騎他們的。
---- [美]托馬斯·杰斐遜
政治領(lǐng)域內(nèi)沒有了競爭,人民就會軟弱無能,這是再明顯不過的道理。正是政治組織之間的競爭才向民眾提供了作出選擇的機(jī)會。沒有這種機(jī)會,人民主權(quán)就等于零。
----[美]E·E·謝茨施耐德
內(nèi) 容 提 要
政治競爭是現(xiàn)代民主政治的基本標(biāo)志。然而,長期以來,我們將政治競爭與資本主義聯(lián)系在一起,不敢或不屑于對此問題進(jìn)行研究。其實,與市場經(jīng)濟(jì)沒有階級性一樣,政治競爭也沒有階級性。哪個階級利用它,它就為哪個階級服務(wù)。加強(qiáng)對政治競爭的研究,已成為中國政治轉(zhuǎn)型和政治學(xué)面臨的一個全新課題,本文試圖填補(bǔ)這一空白。
全文共分四個部分。第一部分,政治競爭基本理論研究。主要探討了政治競爭的內(nèi)涵、基本特征,關(guān)于政治競爭的學(xué)說,政治競爭的作用等基本理論問題。第二部分,西方政治競爭透視。本部分客觀地論述了西方政治競爭產(chǎn)生的歷史條件,政治競爭的表現(xiàn)形式,西方政治競爭的本質(zhì)、特色及影響等內(nèi)容。第三部分,中國政治競爭的歷史考察。對20世紀(jì)中國政治競爭從初步建立到消亡的歷史及其成敗原因作了一個理性的分析。第四部分,政治競爭:中國政治民主化的未來。主要探討了政治競爭與中國民主政治的關(guān)系,中國實行政治競爭,走向政治民主化的現(xiàn)實對策及其措施。
全文主要運(yùn)用了理論與實際、歷史與現(xiàn)實相結(jié)合的研究方法,其價值在于通過對政治競爭的理論和實踐、歷史和現(xiàn)實的分析,為我國政治發(fā)展提供一個新的理論視角。
Abstract
The political competition is a primary symbol of modern democratic politics. However, it has long been associated with capitalism, which in turn discourages us to study the subject or we may just disdain to study it .Actually, political competition as well as market economy does not connote class distinctions ,instead, it serves whoever making use it. It has become a compelling task for political studies by the twist of China’s political system to make a closer study of the political competition.
The following article consists of four parts. Part one studies the primary theories of political competition, in which the connotation of political competition and its main features, its principal theories and functions are discussed. Part two deals with western political competition, in which its historical background, the way it displays itself, its nature, characters and influences will be observed. Part three studies, with a historical perspective, the political competition in china, in which a rational analysis of past experience and why it rose and fell will be studies. The last but no t the least part intends to suggest that the political democratization in china depends much on political competition. In this part, much attention is focused on the relationship between political competition and democratic politics in china and on the compelling situation that china copes with on its way to political democratization.
The article combines theory and practice as well as history and reality .It aims to provide a new theoretical point of view for the political development of china through the detailed analysis.
目 錄
前言 1
第一部分 政治競爭一般理論 3
一、政治競爭的內(nèi)涵、特征 3
(一)政治競爭的涵義 3
(二)政治競爭的主要特征 5
二、關(guān)于政治競爭的學(xué)說 9
(一)熊彼特的競爭領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)理論 10
(二)薩托利的競爭――反饋理論 12
(三)戴蒙德對競爭學(xué)說的進(jìn)一步修正 12
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