[ 李長健 ]——(2008-9-24) / 已閱21026次
植物轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展以及其所產(chǎn)生的深遠(yuǎn)影響引起了社會(huì)公眾的目光，同時(shí)也引起了社會(huì)倫理學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、法學(xué)等諸多領(lǐng)域中學(xué)者的廣泛關(guān)注。在知識(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代，充分利用專利制度特有的激勵(lì)機(jī)制促進(jìn)而不是阻礙植物轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，始終是專利保護(hù)制度所應(yīng)堅(jiān)持的一項(xiàng)基本原則。[21]顯然，基因技術(shù)將是中國趕上世界發(fā)達(dá)國家的歷史契機(jī)，其使得專利制度作為促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的工具的特性更為突出。在全社會(huì)倡導(dǎo)科學(xué)發(fā)展觀和依法治國的大背景下，我們要加強(qiáng)和完善植物轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的專利保護(hù)保護(hù)制度，積極創(chuàng)制植物轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的利益分享機(jī)制。但是，就我國目前的社會(huì)發(fā)展水平來說，對(duì)于植物轉(zhuǎn)基因技術(shù)的專利保護(hù)不是一蹴而就的，必須與我國的國情相適應(yīng)，逐步推進(jìn)。
參考文獻(xiàn)：
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The law problem that genetically-modified our country plant patent protects studies
----------Comply with the technology visual angle changes to law thought
Li-changjian Xu-haiping
(School of Humanities and Social Science,Huazhong Agricultural University,Hubei wuhan 430070,China)
Abstract: Become a hot spot and focal point that academic circles shows solicitude for gradually with the fact that development of modern gene technology , patent of genetically-modified plant protect problem. Transgenic plants have their special technical characteristics, and presente a challenge to the modern legal system. Star t from the technical perspective of Transgenic plants, comparing the United States, the European Union and Japan as well as China's patent theory and practice analysis, specific consideration of transgenic plants can be patented six of the three groups the interests of the game - the development of new technologies and social and public security, the monopoly of patented technology and social and public interests, developing countries and developed countries, which initially built up transgenic plants regime of patent protection and benefit-sharing mechanisms with a view to our transgenic plant technology useful for the development of thinking.
Keywords: Genetically-modified plant; patent protection; Law benefit weighs and considers in order to uphold justice; Benefit shares mechanism
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[1]本文是國家社會(huì)科學(xué)基金課題：《我國農(nóng)民權(quán)益保護(hù)與新農(nóng)村社區(qū)基本法律問題研究》的階段性成果，項(xiàng)目編號(hào)：07BFX003；山西社會(huì)科學(xué)院委托課題：《和諧社會(huì)建設(shè)中重大經(jīng)濟(jì)法律制度研究》的階段性成果，項(xiàng)目編號(hào)：HX720107－077021；教育部人文社會(huì)科學(xué)規(guī)劃基金資助項(xiàng)目《轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)業(yè)化法律問題研究》的階段性研究成果，項(xiàng)目編號(hào)：07JA820007。
[2]作者簡介：李長健（1965—），男， 湖南湘西人，華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)文法學(xué)院教授、武漢大學(xué)法學(xué)博士。研究方向：法理學(xué)、知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法、經(jīng)濟(jì)法與“三農(nóng)”問題。徐海萍（1982—）女，浙江臺(tái)州人，華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)文法學(xué)院碩士研究生。研究方向：經(jīng)濟(jì)法學(xué)與知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)法。
[3] See Ned A,Israelseyn, Dale C, Hunt Incrasing Value of Agbiotech IP Sparks Turf Wars,the National Law Journal June 22, 1998 C6.
[4] 周紀(jì)昌.論轉(zhuǎn)基因農(nóng)產(chǎn)品國際貿(mào)易與我國發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略[J].經(jīng)濟(jì)經(jīng)緯,2004,5.
[5]郭仁等.分子生物細(xì)胞學(xué)[M].北京:中國協(xié)和醫(yī)科大學(xué)出版社,2003，p58.
[6] 張曉都. 國家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)局專利法研究所編.美國與歐洲對(duì)生物技術(shù)發(fā)明的專利保護(hù).專利法研究2003[M].北京:知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)出版社,2003,p339.
[7] Evenson D. D，Agriculture and Intellectual attd Implementation Issues in Bitechnology NewYork:CABI PuUlishing P11-25
[8] Directive 98/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6July 1998 on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions, Recital30, 31
[9] Directive 98/44/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6July 1998 on the legal protection of biotechnological inventions, Article 4(2)
[10] 朱雪忠，楊遠(yuǎn)斌.轉(zhuǎn)基因植物的專利保護(hù)探討[J].科技與法律.2005,4
[11] See Japan PatentOffice, Asia-Pacific Industrial Property Center, J II, B io Patent, 45-47
[12] 鄭成思主編，張曉都著.專利實(shí)質(zhì)條件——從發(fā)明與實(shí)用新型專利的實(shí)質(zhì)條件到生物技術(shù)發(fā)明的可專利性[M].北京:法律出版社,2002年4月,p269
[13] 參見國家知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)局:《審查指南》，知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)出版社，p2-9
[14] See Diamond v, Chakrabarty, 447U.S.P.Q.(BNA) 193(1980).
[15] 在Transgenic Plant/novartis T1054/96( EPO OJ 1998,511)案件中，歐洲專利局?jǐn)U大委員明確指出，只要轉(zhuǎn)基因植物符合一般的可專利性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是可專利的,http//pharmalicensing.com/features/disp/967153029_39a59565e3eff.
[16] See Japan Patent Office, Asia-Pacific Industrial Property Center JII,Bio Patent,45-47.
[17] Nuffield Council on Bioethics,Genetically Modified Crops:The Ethical and Social Issues,London,1999, PP.96-105; pp.122-127;pp.43-56;pp.130-136.
[18] [英]邊沁.道德與立法原理導(dǎo)論[M].北京:商務(wù)印書館,2000.p58.
[19] 高偉凱，畢素華.世界經(jīng)濟(jì)與政治論壇[J], 2006,6.p90-93.
[20]李長健.論農(nóng)民權(quán)益的經(jīng)濟(jì)法保護(hù)[J].中國法學(xué).2005,3,p123-126.
[21] 李永明，潘燦君.論基因技術(shù)的專利保護(hù)[J].浙江大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(人文社會(huì)科學(xué)版)，2003,1,p142.
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